Behind Closed Doors: The Seven Most Significant Top-Secret Buildings Globally
Some of the most significant structures globally have been observed by a limited audience, namely, classified as top-secret buildings. These locations often serve as the headquarters for intelligence agencies, safeguarding extensive classified documents and government secrets, with restricted access reserved for scientists and researchers aiming to protect valuable contents. Intelligence agencies employ varying strategies in the construction of these covert sites—some are discreetly concealed from public view, while others prominently feature in the city skyline. Ranging from the distinctive doughnut-shaped GCHQ headquarters in Britain to a concealed military command center nestled within a Colorado mountain, these top-secret buildings boast histories as intriguing as the clandestine activities transpiring within their walls.
MI6 (London)
Located on the southern bank of the Thames in London's Vauxhall district, Vauxhall Cross serves as the expansive headquarters for Britain's Secret Intelligence Service, also known as MI6. Constructed in 1994, this postmodern complex was designed by architect Sir Terry Farrell and boasts features such as triple-glazed windows, two moats, and subterranean sections. Familiar to audiences through its portrayal as the residence of MI6's 00 section in recent James Bond films, Vauxhall Cross faced an attack in 2000 when an RPG-22 anti-tank rocket was launched at it. The assailants, believed to be a dissident Irish Republican group, caused damage to an eighth-floor window during the incident.
CIA (Langley, Virginia, USA)
Situated in Langley, Virginia, the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency stands as one of the United States' most enigmatic locales. Renamed the George Bush Center for Intelligence in 1999, this complex encompasses two primary structures, namely the Original and New Headquarters Buildings, situated on a vast 258-acre expanse. The Original Headquarters Building, designed by the architectural firm Harrison and Abramovitz, reached completion in 1961, while the New Headquarters, executed by Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls Associates, was finalized in 1991. Informally referred to as Langley, the site witnessed a tragic shooting in 1993 resulting in the death of two employees and injury to two others, as well as an attempted armed attack in 2021. Not accessible to the public, the CIA Museum within the complex showcases declassified documents, weapons, and spy equipment, providing insights into the agency's historical endeavors.
Bundesnachrichtendienst (Berlin, Germany)
The Federal Intelligence Service of Germany (BND) conducts its operations from the largest intelligence headquarters globally. Crafted by the architectural firm Kleihues + Kleihues, the monumental Berlin building, valued at $1.23 billion, occupies a sprawling 64-acre site and was constructed using a substantial 20,000 tons of steel and 135,000 cubic meters of concrete. Commencing in 2008, the construction of BND-Zentrale faced delays, culminating in its official opening in 2019. Notably, the project encountered setbacks, including a 2015 incident referred to as "Watergate," wherein thieves damaging toilets caused flooding, contributing to the extended timeline.
DGSE (Paris)
The Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE), France's clandestine intelligence agency, is headquartered in the former Tourelles barracks situated on Boulevard Mortier in Paris's 20th arrondissement. Comprising three buildings, the complex encircles an inner courtyard, secluded from the surrounding street. Established shortly after World War II as the External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service (SDECE), it officially adopted the name DGSE in 1982. Aptly nicknamed the "Swimming Pool" due to its proximity to the Piscine Georges-Vallerey, an aquatic center constructed for the 1924 Olympics, the agency has been based there. However, the DGSE is planning a relocation to a new site at Fort Neuf de Vincennes in 2028.
Cheyenne Mountain Complex (Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA)
Amid the Cold War, the US Military initiated the construction of an exceptionally fortified command center within Cheyenne Mountain designed to withstand potential Soviet attacks. The Army Corps of Engineers undertook the excavation of 693,000 tons of granite to build the Cheyenne Mountain Complex near Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Concealed within the mountain, the complex comprises fifteen buildings and officially opened as the NORAD Combat Operations Center in 1966. A notable incident occurred on November 9, 1979, when a missile attack test scenario was inadvertently transmitted to the Cheyenne Mountain Complex, creating the false perception of a real threat and prompting the military to be on high alert for approximately eight minutes. This incident was later dramatized in the movie "WarGames."
GCHQ (Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom)
In 2003, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), a British cyber security and intelligence agency, relocated to a new facility in the outskirts of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, consolidating staff from 50 different buildings into a single location. Aptly nicknamed "The Doughnut," the building, designed by Gensler, was constructed using a combination of local Cotswold stone, steel, aluminum, and glass. The circular structure spans 1,000,000 square feet across its three sections and includes a substantial central courtyard along with a four-story-high glass atrium.
Vatican Apostolic Archives (Vatican City)
Formerly referred to as the Vatican Secret Archives, the Vatican Apostolic Archives are located in the Cortile del Belvedere within Vatican City. Distinct from the Vatican Library, these archives safeguard the government documents of the Holy See, with ownership vested in the Pope. Spanning records from the 8th to the 20th centuries, the collection is stored on over 52 miles of shelving and includes notable items such as a letter from Henry VIII requesting a marriage annulment, the 1521 papal bull of ex-communication of Martin Luther, and a transcript of the trial of Galileo. A portion of the extensive document holdings is stored in a two-story bunker beneath the Vatican Museum's Cortile della Pigna. Initially closed to external access until 1881, today, admission is restricted to 60 pre-approved scholars on a daily basis.